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It is not the case that If a third framework can achieve punishment's legitimate aims more coherently, the retributivism-versus-consequentialism debate is rendered a false dilemma.
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Reasons For
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Reason for
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1.
Any 'third framework' ultimately prioritizes either backward-looking (retributive) or forward-looking (consequentialist) justifications, making it a disguised variant rather than genuine alternative.
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2.
The claim assumes 'coherence' is achievable across all punishment's aims simultaneously—but some aims (proportionality vs. rehabilitation) may be genuinely incompatible by design.
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3.
Naming a false dilemma doesn't establish a viable escape route; proving the third framework's superiority requires it outperforms both rivals on their own core metrics.
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Reasons Against
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Reason against
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1.
Retributivism and consequentialism each fail to justify punishment's full institutional legitimacy without internal tensions or counterintuitive conclusions.
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2.
A third framework (e.g., mixed theory, expressivist, or contractarian) can coherently unite desert, deterrence, and public justification without sacrificing core commitments.
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3.
If two competing theories share conceptual problems a third resolves, dismissing that third as hybrid is intellectually evasive rather than philosophically rigorous.
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