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    If Bill and Bill* produce phenomenally indistinguishable ... — Carmelics
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    Challenges→Russell is better able to handle the reduplication argument than the Fregean

    If Bill and Bill* produce phenomenally indistinguishable sense data in Sally, her demonstrative reference to 'these sense data' fails to privilege Bill over Bill* as the referent of her thought.

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    Key Terms

    Bill*(representing an identical-seeming alternative to Bill)
    A notation used to refer to a duplicate or alternative version of something (in this case, a second Bill who is physically indistinguishable from the first).
    Phenomenally indistinguishable(describing the sense data)
    So similar in how they appear to your senses that you can't tell them apart based on what you experience.
    demonstrative reference(in philosophy of language)
    Referring to something by pointing at it or using words like 'this' or 'that' directly, rather than describing it.
    privilege(Used to distinguish protected interests that do not rise to the level of rights)
    An interest or opportunity that the state ought to protect but that cannot be claimed as a matter of right, as distinct from a right proper.

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    referent(what Russell says is the sole meaning of proper names)
    The actual thing in the real world that a word points to or stands for—for example, the referent of 'Abraham Lincoln' is the actual historical person.
    sense data(Posited as what we directly perceive in place of physical objects)
    Mind-dependent objects of immediate perceptual awareness that possess the properties things appear to have (e.g., the elliptical appearance when viewing a round penny)

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    Perception1 linkedPhilosophy of Language1 linked

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    Russell is better able to handle the reduplication argument than the Fregean

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