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    If both over- and under-attribution biases are empiricall... — Carmelics
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    Challenges→Experimental results in comparative psychology are systematically interpreted to depict humans as cognitively superior, even when the data support alternative interpretations.

    If both over- and under-attribution biases are empirically documented, the systematic directionality the claim asserts requires positive evidence beyond selective case citation.

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    Reasons For

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    Reason for
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    • 1.Selective case citation alone cannot establish directionality; confirmation bias makes cherry-picked examples unreliable for causal claims.
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    • 2.If both biases exist empirically, their relative frequency and magnitude must be measured quantitatively, not inferred from anecdotal patterns.
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    • 3.Systematic directionality claims require ruling out alternative explanations like context-dependence or population heterogeneity via controlled evidence.
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    Reasons Against

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    • 1.The threshold of 'positive evidence beyond selective citation' may be unreasonably high for domains where large-scale controlled studies are impractical.
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    • 2.Multiple independent case studies from diverse contexts can constitute cumulative evidence of directionality without formal quantitative measurement.
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    • 3.Requiring formal positive evidence before accepting directionality claims paradoxically prevents hypothesis formation that motivates empirical research.
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    Consciousness & Mind1 linkedSkepticism1 linked

    Related

    Experimental results in comparative psychology are systematically interpreted to...If both biases exist empirically, their relative frequency and magnitude must be...Multiple independent case studies from diverse contexts can constitute cumulativ...Requiring formal positive evidence before accepting directionality claims parado...
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    Selective case citation alone cannot establish directionality; confirmation bias...Systematic directionality claims require ruling out alternative explanations lik...The threshold of 'positive evidence beyond selective citation' may be unreasonab...

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    claim
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    2 (1 for, 1 against)
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