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It is not the case that If both tossing and not-tossing backwardly cause the same prior behavior, the causal history of that behavior becomes overdetermined and explanatorily vacuous.
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Reasons For
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Reason for
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1.
Overdetermination is logically coherent and common in physics; multiple causes can each be genuinely causal without vacuity.
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2.
Explanatory vacuity requires that no information is provided; identifying multiple causal pathways still adds informational content.
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3.
The claim assumes backward causation is even metaphysically possible; rejecting it avoids the problem entirely without conceding defeat.
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Reasons Against
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Reason against
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1.
Overdetermination occurs when multiple sufficient causes produce one effect, making each cause individually explanatorily redundant.
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2.
If backward causation allows both action and inaction to necessitate identical prior states, neither can be the 'true' explanation.
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3.
Explanatory value requires that a cause make a difference; if outcomes are identical regardless, causation becomes metaphysically inert.
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