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    If 'caterpillar' is a phase sortal and 'organism' is an u... — Carmelics
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    Supports→The contradiction used to refute relative identity dissolves if one sortal is treated as a phase sortal and another as an ultimate sortal.

    If 'caterpillar' is a phase sortal and 'organism' is an ultimate sortal, the statement 'this organism is not a caterpillar' reports phase-exit, not numerical non-identity, preserving classical identity logic intact.

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    Key Terms

    Classical identity logic(logic and metaphysics)
    The standard logical rules about when something is 'the same thing' versus 'a different thing.' The key rule is: if A is identical to B, then anything true about A must be true about B.
    Numerical non-identity(logic and identity)
    The idea that two things are literally different entities—not the same thing. For example, saying a caterpillar and a butterfly are two different individuals rather than the same individual at different times.
    Phase-exit(ontology (the study of what exists))
    When something stops being in one temporary stage and enters another—like when a caterpillar becomes a butterfly, it exits the caterpillar phase.
    phase sortal(Illustrated by 'human being is, was, or will be a baby'; contrasted with ultimate sortals.)
    A sortal that applies to an object under the temporal rubric 'was, is, or will be F', rather than requiring the object to satisfy the predicate at all times.

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    ultimate sortal(Wiggins's thesis about identity and individuation)
    A sortal kind that has its own principle of individuation and under which every individuable object falls uniquely; its full meaning is indicated to emerge in the surrounding text

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    The contradiction used to refute relative identity dissolves if one sortal is tr...

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