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    If concrete realizations of the supreme good are both cau... — Carmelics
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    Challenges→Concrete realizations of the supreme good are both the efficient and final cause of the universe, making them both alpha and omega.

    If concrete realizations of the supreme good are both cause and effect of the universe, the causal chain lacks an independent explanatory terminus, violating the principle of sufficient reason it invokes.

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    Key Terms

    Concrete realizations(as used in metaphysics)
    Actual, real-world examples or instances of something abstract—the physical or actual existence of an idea, not just the idea itself.
    Explanatory terminus(as used in epistemology and metaphysics)
    The final stopping point in an explanation—the ultimate reason or cause that doesn't need further explanation.
    Principle of Sufficient Reason(Leibniz's foundational metaphysical principle underwriting the explicability of all events and phenomena.)
    Nothing takes place without a sufficient reason; nothing occurs for which it would be impossible for someone who has enough knowledge of things to give a reason adequate to determine why the thing is as it is and not otherwise.
    Supreme Good(Anselm's ontological-axiological framework in De Casu Diaboli)
    The ultimate source from which all goods derive; identical with the Supreme Being.

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    causal chain(Avicenna's cosmological argument in Ilāhiyyāt VIII)
    An ordered series of causes within a given causal type (formal, material, efficient, or final) that Avicenna argues must terminate in a First Cause
    cause and effect(Hume's three defining rules from Treatise of Human Nature 1.3.15.3–5)
    A relation requiring: contiguity in space and time, temporal priority of the cause over the effect, and constant union between cause and effect

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    Causation1 linkedNatural Theology1 linked

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    Concrete realizations of the supreme good are both the efficient and final cause...

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