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Inverse View
It is not the case that If constraints can be overridden at extreme thresholds, then aggregate states of affairs are already doing normative work within deontological frameworks.
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Reasons For
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1.
Threshold exceptions can preserve deontology by refining rules themselves (e.g., 'don't lie except when it protects innocents'), without importing consequentialism.
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2.
Recognizing that constraints have limits does not establish that aggregate states do normative work—only that absolute constraints were misdescribed initially.
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3.
Many deontologists accept override cases while denying aggregative reasoning can justify violations; they use agent-centered or rights-based rationales instead.
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Reasons Against
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Reason against
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1.
Deontological rules collapse into incoherence when applied mechanically at extreme thresholds (e.g., absolute truth-telling during genocide).
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2.
Acknowledging threshold exceptions requires evaluating aggregate outcomes, implicitly admitting consequentialist reasoning into deontological systems.
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3.
Rule-based frameworks that survive extreme cases do so by tacitly weighing total states of affairs, making consequentialism an invisible structural component.
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