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    If counterpart relations are context-sensitive and sortal... — Carmelics
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    Challenges→Essence talk must be hyperintensional, meaning necessarily equivalent predicates cannot be substituted salva veritate in essence contexts.

    If counterpart relations are context-sensitive and sortal-governed, then the substitution failure is pragmatic and context-relative, not a feature of the semantic structure of essence predicates themselves.

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    Key Terms

    Counterpart relations(different rules for matching objects across possible worlds)
    The different ways we can decide which alternate-world versions of something 'count as' the same thing for purposes of understanding what could be true about it.
    Essence predicates(as used in metaphysics and logic)
    Words or phrases that describe what something *essentially* is—the core properties that make it what it is (for example, 'is a triangle' is an essence predicate for the shape).
    Pragmatic(as used in philosophy of language and meaning)
    Focused on practical, real-world effects and usefulness rather than just abstract theory.
    Sortal-governed(as used in logic and metaphysics)
    Controlled or determined by the *kind* or *category* of thing you're talking about (like whether something is a person, object, or animal matters for how you interpret it).

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    Substitution failure(the problem being described in the statement)
    When you can swap one word for another word that means the same thing, but the sentence suddenly changes meaning or stops making sense.
    context-relative(philosophy of language and epistemology)
    Something that changes meaning or truth depending on the specific situation or circumstances you're in.
    context-sensitive(Used to describe terms like 'I' and 'left' whose reference shifts with the context of use.)
    A term whose semantic value or referent varies depending on features of the context of utterance, such as the identity or orientation of the speaker.
    semantic structure(as the level at which kinds are being represented)
    The way meaning is organized and represented in language—basically, how the system of language carries meaning.

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    2 topics

    Modality & Possibility1 linkedPhilosophy of Language1 linked

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    Essence talk must be hyperintensional, meaning necessarily equivalent predicates...

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