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    If different modes of being require distinct logical trea... — Carmelics
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    Challenges→The word 'exist' is not ambiguous despite having been claimed to be

    If different modes of being require distinct logical treatment in formal ontology, the univocity of 'exist' in natural language may mask a theoretically motivated ambiguity that surface grammar underdetermines.

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    Key Terms

    Ambiguity(as used in linguistics and philosophy of language)
    When something can be understood or interpreted in more than one way.
    formal ontology(philosophical methodology)
    The philosophical study of what exists and how to categorize different types of things using strict logical rules and systems.
    modes of being(Hartmann's systematic ontology)
    The ontological modalities: possibility, necessity, and actuality.
    surface grammar(linguistics)
    The obvious, visible structure of a sentence as it appears on the page—what it looks like on the surface, without digging into deeper logical meaning.
    underdetermines(logic and language)

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    Doesn't fully decide or pin down; leaves open multiple possible interpretations because there isn't enough information visible to choose just one.
    univocity(linguistics and logic)
    When a single word has exactly one consistent meaning wherever it's used (the opposite would be if the same word meant different things in different contexts).

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    The word 'exist' is not ambiguous despite having been claimed to be

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