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    If 'Easy-to-please(John)' and 'Eager-to-please(John)' lic... — Carmelics
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    Challenges→The representations 'Easy-to-please(John)' and 'Eager-to-please(John)' efface the semantic asymmetry between sentences (20) and (21).

    If 'Easy-to-please(John)' and 'Eager-to-please(John)' license systematically different inferences—e.g., only the latter entails John has a desire—then the semantic asymmetry is preserved at the inferential level even if hidden at the representational surface.

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    Key Terms

    asymmetry(Modal logic frame semantics)
    A frame property expressible in hybrid logic by the formula c→□¬◇c, meaning if world x accesses world y, then y does not access x.
    entails(describes a logical relationship between statements)
    Logically forces or guarantees; if A entails B, then whenever A is true, B must also be true.
    inferential(describing the reasoning process used in philosophy)
    Related to inference—the process of drawing conclusions based on evidence or reasons rather than direct observation.
    license (verb)(as used in logic and philosophy of language)
    To allow, justify, or make it valid to draw a particular conclusion or make a particular inference.
    representational surface(as used in philosophy of language and semantics)

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    The outward form or appearance of how something is written or expressed, without looking deeper at its underlying meaning.
    semantic(describing the level of word meaning)
    Relating to the meaning of words and sentences.

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    Philosophy of Language1 linked

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    The representations 'Easy-to-please(John)' and 'Eager-to-please(John)' efface th...

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