If even within biology legitimate kinds resist unified treatment—as folk, evolutionary, and microbiological categories conflict—cross-disciplinary unification faces insuperable underdetermination.

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Cross-disciplinary unification(as used in philosophy of science): An attempt to create one consistent system that explains phenomena across many different scientific fields, so that biology, chemistry, and physics all fit together seamlessly.
Evolutionary categories(as used in biology and philosophy of science): Scientific classifications based on how organisms evolved and their shared ancestry, like grouping animals by common evolutionary history rather than appearance.
Legitimate kinds(as used in philosophy of biology and metaphysics): Real, valid categories that actually exist in nature rather than being made up—like how we genuinely have different species of animals, not just arbitrary groupings we invented.
Microbiological categories(as used in biology): Ways of classifying organisms based on their internal biological structures and genetic makeup, studied through microscopes and molecular analysis.

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