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    If immediate acquaintance with mental acts does not autom... — Carmelics
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    Challenges→Many of our own acts are known with certainty equal to first principles

    If immediate acquaintance with mental acts does not automatically yield justified belief-that, then the regress problem Scotus cites fails to establish certainty rather than mere causal reliability of inner sense.

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    Key Terms

    Causal reliability(knowledge acquisition)
    Something that consistently produces correct results because of how it works naturally, but isn't guaranteed to be right every time.
    Certainty(Rosmini, NE, vol. 3, 1044)
    A firm and reasonable persuasion that conforms to the truth; a characteristic of the person who knows
    Immediate acquaintance(describing direct knowledge)
    Direct, first-hand awareness of something without needing to think about it or get information from someone else.
    Justified belief-that(epistemology/knowledge)
    A belief you have good reasons to think is true—not just a guess, but something you can actually defend as correct.
    Mental acts(what we know directly)

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    The things your mind does, like thinking, believing, feeling, or deciding.
    Regress problem(epistemology/justification)
    A logical puzzle where you need proof for your proof, and proof for that proof, going back forever with no way to stop and actually prove anything.
    Scotus(The philosopher whose reasoning is being analyzed)
    A medieval philosopher (John Duns Scotus, 1266-1308) known for his detailed logical arguments about God, free will, and how things exist.
    inner sense(Cited as the basis of the rival empiricist hypothesis against Kant's a priori synthesis)
    Introspective experience from which empirical information about one's mental states is derived

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    Many of our own acts are known with certainty equal to first principles

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