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    If natural evils serve as the indispensable environment f... — Carmelics
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    Challenges→The free will defense does not provide a complete solution to the problem of evil.

    If natural evils serve as the indispensable environment for human moral and spiritual development, they require no separate defense beyond the teleological framework the free will defense already presupposes.

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    Key Terms

    Free Will Defense(Sometimes used narrowly to cover only evil resulting from human action, but extended by some to cover evils caused by supernatural agents other than God)
    A version of the Greater Good Defense proposing that free creatures who can care for each other and whose welfare depends on each other's freely chosen action constitute a good that requires the possibility of persons harming each other
    Indispensable(describes which mathematical objects should exist according to Quine and Putnam)
    So necessary and important that you cannot do without it; essential.
    Natural evils(in philosophy of religion)
    Bad things that happen in nature and aren't caused by human choices, like diseases, earthquakes, or suffering from accidents.
    Spiritual development(in philosophy of religion)
    The process of deepening your connection to meaning, purpose, or transcendent values (whether religious or not).

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    moral development(Mencius's conception)
    The process of extending the natural beginnings of virtue to situations where they ought to extend but do not currently extend.
    teleological framework(Aristotelian philosophy)
    An explanatory framework that interprets things in terms of their ends or purposes, applied by Aristotle across ethics and politics.

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