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Inverse View
It is not the case that If no physical observable can distinguish competing ontologies, scientific reasons cannot favor one over the other—only metaphysical criteria remain.
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Reasons For
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Reason for
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1.
Observable consequences depend on background assumptions; changing ontology can alter what counts as observable or how to measure it.
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2.
Scientific inference to the best explanation routinely favors less observable entities (electrons, fields) because they provide superior explanatory power.
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3.
Parsimony, coherence, and unification are legitimate scientific criteria, not merely metaphysical—they guide theory choice systematically.
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Reasons Against
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Reason against
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1.
Science aims to explain observable phenomena; unobservable differences cannot ground empirical evidence or predictive advantage.
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2.
If two theories make identical predictions for all possible experiments, they are empirically equivalent and scientifically indistinguishable.
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3.
Choosing between empirically equivalent ontologies requires appeal to simplicity, elegance, or coherence—purely metaphysical virtues.
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