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It is not the case that If P equals NP, factoring a natural number would be no more difficult than verifying that a given factorization is correct
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Reasons For
2 perspectives
Reason for 1 of 2
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1.
P=NP would equalize worst-case complexity classes, but factoring's average-case hardness could persist independently of class membership.
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2.
Levin's average-case complexity theory shows that worst-case class collapse does not entail uniform tractability across problem instances.
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3.
The claim conflates decision-problem complexity with the search problem of producing a factorization, which require separate complexity-theoretic treatment.
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Reason for 2 of 2
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1.
Integer factorization is not NP-complete, so P=NP need not imply factoring is in P unless factoring reduces to an NP-complete problem.
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2.
Factoring occupies an intermediate status under standard conjectures, placing it in a region where P=NP may not collapse its complexity to P.
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Reasons Against
1 perspective
Reason against
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1.
Verifying a factorization is a polynomial-time task
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2.
Integer factorization is not known to be in P but is in NP
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3.
If P equals NP, finding and verifying solutions to NP problems are equally difficult
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