If paradigm cases like structure-dependent interrogatives are shown to be learnable from available input, the inductive inference to global impoverishment lacks its evidential foundation.

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Evidential foundation(what the statement claims would be missing if children can learn these complex structures): The supporting evidence or proof that makes an argument believable or valid.
Global impoverishment(describes a theory about why language input alone seems insufficient for learning): The idea that the information available to children learning language is too limited or sparse to explain how they learn complex grammar rules.
Learnable from available input(describes whether children could learn complex grammar rules from natural exposure): Able to be acquired or figured out by a child using only the language examples they actually hear around them.
Structure-dependent interrogatives(used as an example in language learning debates): Questions (like 'Can the dog that is barking bite?') where the grammar depends on understanding the overall structure of the sentence, not just the word order.
inductive inference(Contrasted with the author's characterization of immediate moral judgment): A form of reasoning that includes inference to the best explanation and reasoning from empirical evidence
paradigm cases(used to explain how we define concepts): The clearest, most obvious examples of something that help us understand what that thing is—like using a robin as the paradigm case of a bird.

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