If perception yields knowledge through reliable causal connection to the world without requiring the perceiver's access to perceptual reliability, testimony should be governed by the same standard.

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Epistemic access(used to show that the distinction might only be about our different ways of knowing, not about reality itself): The different ways we can know about or gain knowledge of something—essentially, how we're able to learn about it.
Perceptual reliability(as used in epistemology): How trustworthy your senses are at giving you accurate information about the world.
Reliable causal connection(as used in epistemology): A dependable chain of cause-and-effect between something in the world and your awareness of it—like light bouncing off an apple and hitting your eye reliably producing your visual experience of that apple.
epistemology(Contrasted with purely descriptive scientific inquiry): A normative enterprise that tells us how we ought to reason from evidence and how we ought to justify our beliefs, as distinct from merely describing how we do reason or justify beliefs

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