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    If potency and act differ only conceptually in angels, an... — Carmelics
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    Challenges→Angels possess a conceptual — not real — composition of potency and act.

    If potency and act differ only conceptually in angels, angels would be immune to genuine accidental change, which contradicts their capacity for intellectual development and free choice.

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    Key Terms

    Accidental change(Contrasted with substantial change)
    A change in which a substance persists through the change, having first one accident and then another contrary accident
    Angels(metaphysics/theology)
    In philosophy (particularly medieval theology), immaterial spiritual beings often thought to be superior to humans and possessing perfect intellect and will.
    Intellectual development(epistemology/philosophy of mind)
    The growth and improvement of the mind's abilities to understand and gain knowledge over time.
    Potency(as an insufficient condition for defining awareness)
    The potential or capacity for something to happen or be activated—like how dry wood has the potency to burn if you add fire.
    act(Savage's decision theory)

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    Something wholly under the agent's control
    conceptually(as used in epistemology)
    In terms of what something means as an idea or concept, rather than in actual reality.
    free choice(Clarke's definition of libertarian free will as applied to divine agency)
    A choice that logically requires the agent to have the power to choose otherwise than they actually chose

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    Divine Attributes1 linked

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    Angels possess a conceptual — not real — composition of potency and act.

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