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    If problems are individuated intensionally—by their meani... — Carmelics
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    Challenges→The polynomial time many-one reducibility relation ≤_P is a preorder (reflexive and transitive).

    If problems are individuated intensionally—by their meaning or cognitive content rather than their extension—then two co-extensional but intensionally distinct problems may not be genuinely self-reducible via a single canonical function, undermining the reflexivity premise.

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    Key Terms

    Canonical function(in logic and mathematics)
    A standard, official, or most natural way of converting or relating one thing to another—the 'go-to' method everyone agrees on.
    Co-extensional(describing when two things match up but aren't necessarily connected in a meaningful way)
    Having exactly the same members or applying to exactly the same things, even if for completely different reasons.
    Reflexivity premise(in logic and philosophy)
    The assumption that something can relate to or apply to itself in a meaningful way—for example, that a rule can apply to itself, or a problem can reduce to itself.
    Self-reducible(in problem theory)
    Able to be broken down into simpler parts of itself, or explained in terms of its own components.
    cognitive content

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    (Humean empiricist semantics)
    The meaningful idea annexed to a term, which must ultimately be traceable to original impressions.
    extension(Semantics and philosophy of language)
    Another term for reference, i.e., the object or set of objects a term picks out
    individuated(Chodorow's account of boys' psychological development)
    Feeling oneself to be separate or distinct from others, as a result of identifying with an absent parent
    intensionally(as used in logic and semantics)
    In a way that focuses on meaning, ideas, and relationships between concepts rather than physical objects—about how concepts connect through their meanings.
    intensionally distinct(as used in philosophy of language and logic)
    Two concepts that have different meanings or definitions, even if they refer to the same things—like 'a triangle with three equal sides' and 'a triangle with three equal angles' mean different things but describe the same shape.

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    Truth & Knowledge1 linkedModality & Possibility1 linked

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    The polynomial time many-one reducibility relation ≤_P is a preorder (reflexive ...

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