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    LoyalLoyalJusticeJustice
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    If secondary principles derive their authority solely fro... — Carmelics
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    Challenges→Secondary moral principles provide support for utilitarianism rather than undermining it

    If secondary principles derive their authority solely from acceptance value, then cases where justice conflicts with utility reveal that agents are actually tracking something non-utilitarian.

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    Key Terms

    Justice(Utilitarian account of justice; contrasted with non-utility-based theories)
    A name for certain classes of moral rules which concern the essentials of human well-being more nearly than other rules for the guidance of life, carrying more absolute obligation.
    Tracking(as used in epistemology and philosophy of mind)
    In philosophy, this means reliably responding to or being guided by something—like how a compass 'tracks' magnetic north.
    acceptance value(Mill's account of how secondary principles are justified within utilitarianism)
    The criterion by which secondary moral principles are adopted, internalized, and evaluated — measuring their practical utility in guiding moral reasoning
    agents(referring to people in this philosophical discussion)
    People, or more broadly, any thinking being capable of having beliefs and making decisions.

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    authority(as another method a physician might use to ensure patients comply with treatment)
    The power or right to make decisions and have others follow them, based on expertise or position. A doctor has authority because of their medical knowledge.
    secondary principles(Mill's two-level utilitarian framework)
    Moral rules or principles that are derived from and justified by the utilitarian first principle, intended to guide ordinary moral decision-making without requiring direct utility calculation each time
    utilitarian(The passage notes inconsistent usage of the term across philosophers)
    A label applied non-uniformly: sometimes restricted to welfarist consequentialists, sometimes extended to non-welfarist consequentialists as well
    utility(Mill's qualification distinguishing his conception of utility from narrower hedonistic or preference-based interpretations.)
    Utility in the largest sense, grounded on the permanent interests of man as a progressive being — not mere immediate pleasure or preference satisfaction.

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