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    If sophisms involving self-reference or semantic closure ... — Carmelics
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    Challenges→Sophisms involving logical operators require elucidation of logical form, not revision of inference rules

    If sophisms involving self-reference or semantic closure cannot be dissolved by clarifying logical form alone, then the inference rules permitting such derivations are themselves defective.

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    Key Terms

    Self-reference(the problem Tarski's system solves)
    When a statement or rule refers to itself, which can sometimes create logical contradictions (like the classic 'this sentence is false').
    Semantic closure(as another type of logical problem mentioned)
    A situation where a language can talk about and evaluate its own statements, which can lead to logical contradictions.
    Sophisms(the puzzles medieval philosophers studied)
    Arguments or statements that seem clever or correct at first but contain hidden logical errors or trick you with wordplay.
    defective(Used to distinguish genuine normative failure from mere variation in kind)
    Failing to meet the constitutive standards of the kind to which one belongs; contrasted with merely being 'different.'
    inference rules

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    (As used in the DIRT system by Lin and Pantel)
    Rules expressing approximate equivalence between relational phrases, such as 'X finds a solution to Y ≈ X solves Y', derived statistically from text corpora.
    logical form(Used to characterize logical consequence)
    The way that a sentence is built up from the logical particles.

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    Truth & Knowledge1 linkedPhilosophy of Language1 linked

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