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    If soul and body are not ontologically distinct substance... — Carmelics
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    Challenges→The body cannot affect the soul, but the soul can affect the body

    If soul and body are not ontologically distinct substances but aspects of one unified entity, the asymmetric causal claim presupposes a Cartesian dualism Kilwardby has not established.

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    Key Terms

    Aspects of one unified entity(an alternative to soul and body being separate substances)
    Different parts or properties of a single thing, like how wetness and coldness are both just aspects of ice—not separate things.
    Asymmetric causal claim(what the argument assumes about how soul and body interact)
    The idea that one thing affects another in only one direction—for example, that the mind can control the body, but the body doesn't control the mind.
    Cartesian dualism(Descartes' philosophical framework)
    The ontological view that mind and body are distinct substances, traditionally associated with the claim that animals lack minds
    Kilwardby(the subject of the statement)
    Robert Kilwardby was a 13th-century philosopher and Archbishop of Canterbury who developed theories about how we understand truth and meaning in language.

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    Ontologically distinct(as what Aristotle argues perception and reason are NOT)
    Completely separate in what they actually *are* as things—not just different functions, but fundamentally different kinds of existence.
    Presupposes(as describing what Plantinga's argument takes for granted)
    Assumes something to be true without proving it—like how an argument might presuppose that logic works, without first arguing that logic is valid.
    Soul and body(as the subject of the philosophical debate)
    The idea that humans have two parts: an immaterial, non-physical mind or spirit (soul) and a physical body. Philosophers debate whether these are separate things or just one thing.
    substances(Used to distinguish the category of substance from that of property in ontology.)
    Individual objects; the entities that properties are predicated of.

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    Consciousness & Mind1 linkedPerception1 linked

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    The body cannot affect the soul, but the soul can affect the body

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