If such a reference point is required by something I actually possess (determinate temporal awareness), then the existence of external objects is not merely doubtful but demonstrable.
A baseline from which changes in welfare are evaluated; can be a person's current state of wealth, an aspiration level, or a hypothetical point of comparison
determinate temporal awareness(as used in philosophy of time and consciousness)
The clear, definite ability to know what time it is and understand that events happen in sequence (past, present, future).
epistemology(Contrasted with purely descriptive scientific inquiry)
A normative enterprise that tells us how we ought to reason from evidence and how we ought to justify our beliefs, as distinct from merely describing how we do reason or justify beliefs
In the transcendental argument of the Refutation of Idealism, Kant’s target is not Humean skepticism about the applicability of a priori concepts, but rather Cartesian skepticism about the external world. This argument was added by Kant to the second edition of the Critique of Pure Reason (B274–279, with a change suggested in the Preface to B, Bxxxix–Bxli), and subsequently embellished and reworked in a series of Reflections (Guyer 1987: 279–316). More specifically, Kant intends to refute what h