If the conceptual framework distinguishing dreams from waking is itself undermined, Descartes cannot coherently formulate the premise that he 'sometimes dreams' without self-defeat.

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Coherently(as describing how these functions work together): In a way that is logically consistent and doesn't contradict itself.
Conceptual framework(the overall structure being discussed): A system of basic ideas and assumptions that we use to organize and understand something.
Descartes: # Descartes René Descartes was a French philosopher and mathematician from the 1600s who fundamentally changed how people think about knowledge and the mind. He's famous for the idea "I think, therefore I am" (cogito ergo sum), which means that the very fact that you can think proves you exist—a foundation for modern philosophy. He also invented the coordinate system used in mathematics (the x and y axes on a graph), which connects geometry and algebra in practical ways we still use today.
Undermined(as used in logic and argumentation): Weakened or damaged; when something is undermined, it loses its strength or credibility.

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