If the divine perfections differ in ratio—as Aquinas himself concedes—then the identity claim collapses the real conceptual distinctions that make meaningful theological predication possible.

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Aquinas: Thomas Aquinas was a medieval Italian priest and philosopher (1225-1274) who became one of the most influential thinkers in Western history. He attempted to show that Christian faith and human reason are compatible, arguing that we can use logic and observation to understand God and the natural world. His ideas deeply shaped Catholic theology and continue to influence how religious and secular institutions think about ethics, knowledge, and the relationship between science and belief.
Identity claim(about whether facts and propositions are the same): A statement asserting that two things are actually the same thing, not just similar—for example, claiming that 'water' and 'H₂O' refer to the identical substance.
Theological predication(the kind of meaningful statements about God that become impossible under Cartesian omnipotence): Making statements or claims about God's nature or qualities—essentially, saying what God is or what God has.
divine perfections(Descartes' Meditations and First Replies)

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