If the inferential relation between p and q is part of the justification-generating mechanism, then bypassing it yields a distinct, potentially weaker epistemic state even when e is present.

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bypassing(Contrasted with determinism; the author treats bypassing as a distinct concept that people mistakenly conflate with determinism.): A condition in which mental states have no causal impact on behavior — behavior occurs independently of, or around, mental states.
epistemic state(used interchangeably with 'cognitive state' in the passage): A cognitive state; the way things are represented or appear from the standpoint of a knowing subject
inferential relation(epistemology (the study of knowledge)): A logical connection between two ideas where one idea supports or leads to another—like how 'it's raining' supports the idea that 'the ground is wet.'
justification-generating mechanism(epistemology): The process or method that makes a belief reasonable or well-supported—basically, the thinking steps that convince you something is true.

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