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    If the reference of 'is a Democrat' were a fixed function... — Carmelics
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    Challenges→The reference of predicates like 'is a Democrat' must be functions from objects to truth-values.

    If the reference of 'is a Democrat' were a fixed function, sentences containing it would have determinate truth-values independent of context, but borderline cases and contested membership show otherwise.

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    Key Terms

    Borderline cases(The unclear middle ground between definite heaps and definite non-heaps)
    Situations where it's genuinely unclear whether a label applies—like wondering if 500 grains of sand count as a heap or not.
    contested membership(in philosophy)
    When people disagree about whether something or someone actually belongs to a particular group or category.
    context(Used in the Kaplanian framework to distinguish the circumstance of utterance from the content expressed)
    A situation of utterance that supplies parameters (such as the speaker) used to determine the content of context-sensitive expressions.
    determinate truth-values(what Auriol denied for future contingent statements)
    The property of being definitely and certainly either true or false, with no in-between or uncertainty.

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    fixed function(in logic and semantics)
    A consistent, unchanging rule that always produces the same result—like a math function where the same input always gives the same output.
    reference(Distinguished from intension in the context of possible worlds semantics)
    The actual-world referent of an expression; what the expression picks out in the actual world.

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    2 topics

    Truth & Knowledge1 linkedPhilosophy of Language1 linked

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    The reference of predicates like 'is a Democrat' must be functions from objects ...

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