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    If the word she produces can differ arbitrarily in sound ... — Carmelics
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    Challenges→Differences in sound between tokens of the same word can be arbitrarily great, so shared sound is not what makes tokens of the same word the same word.

    If the word she produces can differ arbitrarily in sound from the original and still count as a token of the same word, then sound identity is not the criterion for word-token sameness.

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    Philosophy of Language

    Key Terms

    Sound identity(as what the theory attempts to explain)
    The question of what makes a particular sound 'the same sound'—for example, what makes the note middle C the same whether played on a piano or a guitar.
    criterion(as used in philosophy to describe a test for whether an idea works)
    A standard or rule used to decide whether something counts as true or valid.
    sameness (in the context of word tokens)(as used in philosophy of language)
    What it means for two separate instances of a word to count as versions of the same word, rather than different words altogether.

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    token(Philosophy of language; type-token distinction)
    An actual physical thing located at a specific place in spacetime; a concrete instantiation such as a pile of ink on a page, a sound wave, or a collection of pixels on a computer screen

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    A test subject who intends to repeat a word, but has filters applied that radica...Differences in sound between tokens of the same word can be arbitrarily great, s...

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    Differences in sound between tokens of the same word can be arbitraril...85%Shared intention to produce a token of a given word type cannot explai...79%There are generally no properties had by all and only tokens of a give...76%Two sounds can be indistinguishable yet still be distinct from one ano...75%

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    However, the final nail in the coffin for the suggestion according to which all tokens of the same word have the "same sound" is that words can be mispronounced. As Kaplan (1990) has argued, a word can suffer extreme mispronunciation and still be (a token of) the same word. He asks us to imagine a test subject, who faithfully repeats each word she is told. After a time, we put filters on her that radically alter the results of her efforts. Nonetheless, we would say she is saying the word she hea

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