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    If whales are necessarily mammals, then a theory committe... — Carmelics
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    Challenges→Modal criteria may introduce spurious ontological commitments when there are metaphysically necessary connections between distinct kinds of entity.

    If whales are necessarily mammals, then a theory committed to whales is automatically committed to mammals under modal criteria.

    Modality & PossibilityPhilosophy of Language
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    Philosophy of LanguageModality & Possibility

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    If identity is necessary, a theory committed to Hesperus is automatically commit...Modal criteria may introduce spurious ontological commitments when there are met...This holds even if the theory explicitly claims there are no mammals and that wh...

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    But some less pressing objections remain that suggest that metaphysical necessity is too blunt an instrument to capture the notion of ontological commitment. Three will be mentioned here. First, just as extensional criteria could not distinguish between ontological commitments to co-extensional kinds, the modal criteria cannot distinguish between ontological commitments to co-intensional kinds. A theory that is committed to triangular polygons will also be committed to trilateral polygons, and v

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