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Inverse View
It is not the case that Impartialist moral theories (consequentialism and deontology) must understand friendship to be inherently biased and therefore not inherently moral.
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Reasons For
2 perspectives
Reason for 1 of 2
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1.
Consequentialism permits partiality when partial behavior systematically produces better aggregate outcomes than enforced impartiality.
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2.
Friendship reliably produces goods—trust, emotional development, social stability—that impartial agents could not replicate at scale.
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3.
Therefore, consequentialism can endorse friendship not despite its partiality but because of the impartially-assessed value of partial relationships.
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Reason for 2 of 2
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1.
Railton's sophisticated consequentialism distinguishes between the criterion of rightness and the decision procedure agents should internalize.
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2.
An agent who deliberates as a friend rather than as an impartial calculator may better satisfy the consequentialist criterion than one who does not.
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3.
The claim falsely assumes impartialist theories require impartial motivation at every moment, rather than impartial justification at the theoretical level.
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Reasons Against
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Reason against
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1.
Friendship essentially involves special concern for the friend.
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2.
Such special concern constitutes partiality toward the friend.
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3.
Consequentialism and deontology require impartiality as a condition of full moral appropriateness.
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