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    Imposing a context-sensitive reflective condition on asse... — Carmelics
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    Challenges→Assent to a cognitive impression should only be given if one has reason to believe deceptive but convincing impressions are not possible in the current context.

    Imposing a context-sensitive reflective condition on assent conflates the epistemic standards appropriate for the novice with those appropriate for the perfected reasoner, collapsing a distinction central to Stoic moral epistemology.

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    Key Terms

    Epistemic
    "Epistemic" relates to knowledge—how we know things, what counts as knowledge, and whether we can trust what we believe to be true. It comes from the Greek word for knowledge and is used to describe questions about the reliability and validity of our beliefs and understanding. For example, "epistemic humility" means acknowledging the limits of what you can actually know for certain.
    Epistemic standards(the different requirements for belief that apply to different people)
    The criteria or rules we use to decide whether a belief counts as genuine knowledge or is justified.
    Novice(contrasted with someone who is highly skilled at reasoning)
    A beginner; someone who is just starting out and doesn't have much experience or skill yet.
    Perfected reasoner(the opposite of a novice; someone with complete mastery of reasoning)
    Someone who has reached the highest level of skill in thinking logically and carefully—in Stoic philosophy, this is an ideal person who reasons flawlessly.

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    Reflective condition(a standard for deciding whether someone is justified in believing something)
    A requirement that you think carefully and examine your own reasoning before you accept or believe something.
    Stoic(describing the epistemological framework)
    A school of ancient Greek and Roman philosophy that believed virtue is the highest good and that we should accept what happens with calm reason.
    Stoic moral epistemology(the specific framework for understanding knowledge and belief in Stoic ethics)
    The Stoic theory about how we gain knowledge and justified beliefs specifically about what is right and wrong, and what counts as good reasoning about ethics.
    assent(Epictetan epistemology and action theory)
    The cognitive act of accepting a proposition as true, regulated by perceived logical consistency or contradiction with one's existing beliefs.
    context-sensitive(Used to describe terms like 'I' and 'left' whose reference shifts with the context of use.)
    A term whose semantic value or referent varies depending on features of the context of utterance, such as the identity or orientation of the speaker.

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    Assent to a cognitive impression should only be given if one has reason to belie...

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