Instantaneous causation is characteristic of formal/material relationships, not agent causation. The resistance to infinite velocity suggests efficient causation operating distinctly from form.

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Agent causation(Emphasized in Aquinas's later work, per Montagnes): The active transmission of properties from God to creatures.
Infinite velocity(used as a way of talking about whether instantaneous causation can actually exist): Moving infinitely fast, or instantaneously crossing any distance with zero time—something physics says is impossible.
Instantaneous causation(contrasted with how causation normally works over time): When one thing causes another to happen with no delay whatsoever—like if flipping a switch made a light turn on at the exact same instant with zero time passing between them.
Material causation(as used in metaphysics): The idea that something causes change by being the physical stuff involved—for example, clay is the material cause of a pot because the pot is made from it.

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