Intrinsic value requires a subject of experience or a telos directed toward the good of the entity itself, as Aristotle and Kant both ground value in rational or sentient subjects.

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Aristotle: Aristotle was an ancient Greek philosopher who lived over 2,000 years ago and is one of the most influential thinkers in Western history. He studied nearly every subject—from animals and plants to politics and ethics—and developed practical ways of thinking that shaped how people understand the world. His ideas on logic, nature, and how to live a good life are still taught and debated today because he focused on observing the real world rather than just abstract theories.
Kant(as used in epistemology and metaphysics): Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) was an influential German philosopher who argued that our minds shape how we experience reality, and that we can only truly know things as they appear to us, not as they are in themselves.
Rational subjects(as used in ethics): Beings capable of logical thinking and reasoning—essentially, creatures that can think through problems and make deliberate choices.
Sentient subjects(as used in ethics): Living creatures that can feel and sense things, like pain, pleasure, or emotions.

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