IP=PSPACE succeeded using arithmetization (encoding computation as polynomials), a non-relativizing technique that exploits specific algebraic properties unavailable to relativizing proofs.

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Algebraic properties(as used in polynomial-based proofs): Special characteristics and rules about how polynomials and equations behave mathematically (for example, the fact that you can factor them in certain ways).
IP=PSPACE(as used in computational complexity theory): A major result in computer science proving that two different ways of measuring computational difficulty (Interactive Proofs and PSPACE complexity) are actually equivalent—basically showing that two seemingly different concepts turn out to be the same thing.
Non-relativizing technique(as used in complexity theory proofs): A proof method that works by exploiting specific features of the problem itself, rather than using general reasoning that would work equally well in all possible scenarios.
Polynomials(as used in arithmetization): Mathematical expressions made up of variables (like x) combined with numbers using addition, subtraction, and exponentiation (like 2x² + 3x + 5).

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