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It is not the case that It is reasonable to conceive of drift and natural selection as population-level causes in some cases
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Reasons For
2 perspectives
Reason for 1 of 2
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1.
Causal explanations in population genetics are fully reducible to organism-level birth, death, and reproductive events without remainder.
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2.
Positing population-level causes beyond aggregated individual causes violates the principle of causal parsimony defended by Sober and Lewontin's methodological individualism.
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Reason for 2 of 2
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1.
Drift is not a cause but a statistical artifact of sampling, as Matthen and Ariew argue in distinguishing causal from statistical population-level descriptions.
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2.
If drift lacks causal efficacy independently of physical forces acting on organisms, treating it as a population-level cause conflates mathematical models with causal mechanisms.
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Reasons Against
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Reason against
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1.
Drift and natural selection can depend on indeterministic events
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2.
Some cases of frequency-dependent selection warrant population-level causal treatment
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