- Determinate addressees(in explaining the challenge with enforcing certain rights)
- Clear, specific targets or recipients—in this case, meaning it's unclear exactly which person or organization should be responsible for making sure everyone has healthcare.
- Duty-bearer(in human rights theory about who is responsible)
- A specific person, organization, or government that has a legal or moral obligation to respect or provide something; the entity responsible for making sure a right is upheld.
- Enforceable(in describing how rights need to work in practice)
- Able to be backed up by law or authority—meaning someone can actually make sure the right is respected and punish violations.
- James Nickel(as a key figure in human rights philosophy)
- A contemporary philosopher who specializes in human rights theory and has written influential work on what rights are and how they should work in practice.
- Positive obligations(in contrasting different types of rights and responsibilities)
- Requirements to actively do something or provide something (like a government providing healthcare), as opposed to simply refraining from harm.
- Right to health(as an example of a human right under discussion)
- The idea that all people should have access to adequate healthcare and conditions needed for physical and mental well-being.
- Universal human rights(as the foundation of international human rights law)
- Basic rights that philosophers and organizations argue all people deserve simply because they are human, regardless of where they live or their circumstances.