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    John Buridan's treatment of ampliated supposition in the ... — Carmelics
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    Supports→Suppositional descent from universal statements to singular statements can yield false conclusions from true premises when proper names refer to non-men or deceased individuals

    John Buridan's treatment of ampliated supposition in the Summulae de Dialectica directly entails that 'Socrates is running' is false when Socrates has no present existence to supposit for.

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    Key Terms

    Ampliated supposition(Buridan's specific logical theory)
    A technical term from medieval logic meaning that a word can refer not just to things that currently exist, but also to things that could exist or existed in the past.
    John Buridan(as the main philosopher referenced in this statement)
    A French medieval philosopher (1300-1358) who made major contributions to logic and philosophy. He's famous for 'Buridan's ass,' a thought experiment about decision-making.
    Present existence(in metaphysics and philosophy of language)
    Actually existing right now, in the real world at this moment.
    Summulae de Dialectica(The source text being referenced)
    A famous Latin textbook on logic and reasoning written by Buridan; 'summulae' means 'summaries' and 'dialectica' refers to logical argumentation.

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    Supposit for(medieval logic terminology)
    In medieval logic, a word 'supposes for' or 'stands for' the things it refers to—like the word 'apple' stands for all actual apples.
    supposition (in logic)(what 'Socrates' is supposed to refer to)
    In medieval logic, the thing that a word is supposed to stand for or refer to—basically, what a word is talking about.

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