John Earman's critique in 'Hume's Abject Failure' demonstrates that probabilistic miracle arguments can be constructed using only background empirical regularities, bypassing natural theology entirely.

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Bypass/bypassing(the argument supposedly works without needing natural theology): To go around something or avoid using it entirely, like taking a shortcut that skips a step.
Empirical regularities(the foundation used in the argument instead of religious reasoning): Patterns we observe repeatedly in the real world, like 'water boils at 100°C' or 'things fall when dropped'—basically, the rules of nature as we experience them.
John Earman(The statement references his specific work on a philosophical problem): A prominent philosopher of physics who studies how time, causality, and probability work in scientific theories, particularly in relativity and quantum mechanics.
Natural theology(Associated with Paley's 1802 book of the same name; sometimes used to refer to this approach more broadly): A posteriori investigations of nature for the purposes of supporting religious theses

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