Joseph Butler demonstrated that the mere fact an agent acts on their own desire does not make the object of that desire self-regarding, undermining any logical bridge between the two forms.

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Joseph Butler(as the main philosopher referenced in this statement): An 18th-century British philosopher and theologian who wrote about human nature, morality, and psychology. He's famous for arguing that people are more complex than simple self-interest theories suggest.
Logical bridge(as used in logic and argumentation): The connection between ideas that makes an argument work; if this connection breaks, the argument falls apart.
Self-regarding(as a category of conduct that Mill believed should be protected): Actions that mainly affect only the person doing them, rather than affecting other people.
Two forms(as referring to the two things Butler is distinguishing from each other): In this context, the two different categories being compared: (1) acting on your own desires, and (2) doing something self-regarding (only for yourself).

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