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    Joseph Mangan's causal-proximity criterion provides a pro... — Carmelics
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    Supports→The principle of double effect must provide principled grounds for distinguishing between grave harms intended as means and grave harms foreseen as side effects

    Joseph Mangan's causal-proximity criterion provides a procedural test: if removing the harmful effect from the causal chain would prevent achievement of the intended good, the harm is a means, not a side effect.

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    Key Terms

    Causal-proximity criterion(as a test for evaluating harm in ethics)
    A practical rule for deciding if something harmful is a deliberate part of your plan (a means) or just an unfortunate side effect.
    Intended good(as the desired outcome you're aiming for)
    The positive result or goal you're actually trying to achieve with your action.
    Joseph Mangan(as the creator of the causal-proximity criterion)
    A philosopher who developed a specific test to help us figure out whether harm is intentional or accidental in ethical situations.
    Means (in ethics)(as opposed to a side effect; refers to intentional harm)
    Something you deliberately do or use as part of your plan to reach a goal.
    causal chain(Avicenna's cosmological argument in Ilāhiyyāt VIII)

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    An ordered series of causes within a given causal type (formal, material, efficient, or final) that Avicenna argues must terminate in a First Cause
    side effect(Central to Double Effect — permissible harm must be a side effect, not a means.)
    A harmful outcome that is foreseen but not intended as the means or end of an action, as distinguished from harm that is intended as a means.

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    Justice & Punishment1 linkedBioethics1 linked

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    The principle of double effect must provide principled grounds for distinguishin...

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