Judith Jarvis Thomson's later revisions to trolley cases showed that intuitions track factors neither framework adequately captures, suggesting the dichotomy is theoretically underdetermined.

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Judith Jarvis Thomson(philosophy history): A famous American philosopher who wrote influential work on ethics, rights, and legal responsibility, including ideas about how companies should be held accountable when many of them might share blame.
Theoretically underdetermined(Neither major ethical framework fully accounts for why people make the moral judgments they do): A situation where the available evidence or theories don't fully explain what's actually happening—there's something left unexplained.
Trolley cases(These are the philosophical thought experiments being discussed): Imaginary scenarios philosophers use to test moral rules—typically involving a runaway trolley where you must choose between letting it harm multiple people or actively causing harm to save them.
dichotomy(Refers to one of Zeno's paradoxes of motion): A paradox so named because it involves repeated division into two

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