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It is not the case that Kant himself distinguished between humanity's dignity and the worth of particular persons, grounding punishment in the latter's degradation of rational law.
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Reasons For
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Reason for
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1.
The dignity-worth distinction is unclear: if dignity grounds all persons' rights, how can particular worth justify overriding those rights?
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2.
Punishment that degrades rational agency contradicts Kant's categorical imperative never to treat persons merely as means.
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3.
Focusing on law-violation rather than harm or rehabilitation may produce unjust outcomes in cases of necessity or diminished culpability.
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Reasons Against
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Reason against
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1.
Rational agency is what makes persons moral subjects; violating rational law degrades this agency and warrants corrective punishment.
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2.
Distinguishing dignity (universal) from particular worth allows punishment without denying offenders' fundamental human status or rights.
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3.
Grounding punishment in law-violation rather than harm alone provides objective, non-arbitrary criteria for just punishment.
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