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    Kant's analytic-synthetic distinction reveals that synthe... — Carmelics
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    Challenges→Much of what we know yields only plausible (probabilis) rather than apodictic conclusions

    Kant's analytic-synthetic distinction reveals that synthetic a priori judgments, such as mathematical and causal principles, yield necessary conclusions without tracing back to mere self-evidence.

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    Key Terms

    Analytic-synthetic distinction(as the philosophical concept Quine attacks)
    A traditional divide between two types of statements: analytic ones that are true by definition alone (like 'bachelors are unmarried') and synthetic ones that require observation of the world to verify (like 'snow is white').
    Kant(as used in epistemology and metaphysics)
    Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) was an influential German philosopher who argued that our minds shape how we experience reality, and that we can only truly know things as they appear to us, not as they are in themselves.
    Necessary conclusion(Requirement for demonstration)
    A conclusion that follows from necessary premises.
    Self-evidence(epistemology)
    The quality of being so obviously true that it doesn't need explanation or argument to back it up.

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    a priori(Frege treats 'analytic' as entailing 'a priori' for arithmetic.)
    Knowable independently of empirical experience; here treated as a consequence of analyticity.
    synthetic a priori judgment(Central point of disagreement between Kant and Stumpf)
    In Kant's view, a necessary truth whose predicate adds information not contained in the subject, known independently of experience; Stumpf rejects this category as contradictory
    synthetic judgment(Kant's epistemological classification of judgments, applied here to arithmetic)
    A judgment whose truth cannot be established solely by analyzing the concepts contained in it, but requires going beyond those concepts (e.g., via intuition)

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    Truth & Knowledge1 linkedSkepticism1 linked

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    Much of what we know yields only plausible (probabilis) rather than apodictic co...

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