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Inverse View
It is not the case that Kant's categorical imperative demonstrates that pure practical reason generates the moral law independently of any antecedent desire or inclination.
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Reasons For
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Reason for
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1.
Humans lack access to pure reason independent of embodied psychology; all reasoning involves prior affective states.
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2.
The categorical imperative's formal universalizability test yields indeterminate results on many concrete moral questions.
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3.
Evolutionary and developmental evidence suggests moral reasoning originates in emotional systems, not pure reason.
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Reasons Against
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Reason against
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1.
Moral laws must be universal and necessary, not contingent on varying desires, making reason alone their source.
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2.
We experience moral obligation as binding even when it conflicts with our inclinations, suggesting non-empirical origin.
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3.
Only reason operating independently of desire can ground genuinely autonomous moral agency and free will.
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