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It is not the case that Kant's critique establishes that deriving moral insight from a purported divine purpose commits the fallacy of grounding autonomy in heteronomy.
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Reasons For
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Reason for
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1.
Recognizing divine purpose need not be heteronomous if we rationally endorse God's moral framework as identical to reason's requirements.
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2.
Kant's autonomy standard may exclude legitimate moral sources; some argue discovering objective moral truths (divine or otherwise) is compatible with autonomy.
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3.
The distinction between discovering pre-existing moral order and being commanded to follow it undermines Kant's categorical rejection of theistic ethics.
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Reasons Against
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Reason against
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1.
Kant argues moral agency requires acting from duty recognized through reason, not obedience to external commands, even divine ones.
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2.
If morality derives from God's purpose, our compliance becomes heteronomous—determined by external will rather than autonomous rational choice.
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3.
True moral worth requires that we could have acted otherwise; divine command removes this possibility by making obedience necessary.
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