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It is not the case that Kant's own categorical imperative grounds moral duty in rational consistency alone, not in any empirical or metaphysical guarantee of success.
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Reasons For
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Reason for
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1.
Kant's formula of humanity assumes humans have intrinsic dignity—a metaphysical claim about what beings are, not mere logical consistency.
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2.
The categorical imperative's force depends on assuming rational agents can recognize duties; this requires empirical facts about human cognition.
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3.
Consistency alone cannot explain why contradictory maxims are immoral; we need substantive premises about what rational agents actually value or need.
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Reasons Against
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Reason against
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1.
Kant explicitly derives duty from the universalizability test, which requires only logical consistency, not empirical outcomes or metaphysical facts.
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2.
Grounding morality in rational consistency alone protects it from skepticism about unknowable consequences or metaphysical claims about human nature.
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3.
Kant argues we have a priori moral knowledge through reason; empirical success conditions would make duty contingent and unknowable in advance.
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