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    Kaplan's own formal semantics for 'now' requires a charac... — Carmelics
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    Challenges→Indices for evaluating temporal expressions must take the form of a pair ⟨u, e⟩, where u is the time of utterance and e is the time of evaluation

    Kaplan's own formal semantics for 'now' requires a character-content distinction, not a bare ⟨u,e⟩ index pair, making the pair insufficient.

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    Reasons For

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    Reason for
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    • 1.Character determines content: 'now' has constant character but context-variable content, requiring distinction from mere index pairs.
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    • 2.Bare indices cannot explain linguistic competence: speakers grasp 'now' without knowing the actual context, proving character is semantic.
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    • 3.Compositional semantics requires character: complex sentences with 'now' need character-level rules to predict truth conditions systematically.
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    Reasons Against

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    Reason against
    ?
    • 1.Index pairs suffice functionally: ⟨u,e⟩ can encode all needed distinctions if character roles are assigned during grammar, not semantics.
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    • 2.Character-content distinction may be notational: the claimed distinction could be formally equivalent to indexed expressions, not substantively novel.
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    Related

    Bare indices cannot explain linguistic competence: speakers grasp 'now' without ...Character determines content: 'now' has constant character but context-variable ...Character-content distinction may be notational: the claimed distinction could b...Compositional semantics requires character: complex sentences with 'now' need ch...
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    Index pairs suffice functionally: ⟨u,e⟩ can encode all needed distinctions if ch...Indices for evaluating temporal expressions must take the form of a pair ⟨u, e⟩,...

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    2 (1 for, 1 against)
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