Keynes and Carnap's logical probability frameworks hold that all available evidence, including bias conditions, should be conjoined into a single posterior probability rather than triggering inference suspension.

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Bias conditions(as elements to be included when calculating probability): Factors or circumstances that might make evidence seem more or less convincing, even if those factors shouldn't actually change what the evidence means.
Carnap: Rudolf Carnap (1891-1970) was a highly influential German-American philosopher who believed that many traditional philosophical problems could be solved by carefully analyzing the language we use to talk about them. He pioneered the idea that philosophy should work closely with science and mathematics, using precise logical methods to clarify confused thinking. His work fundamentally changed how philosophers approach their discipline, making language analysis and logical rigor central to philosophical practice.
Inference suspension(as an alternative to making a definite judgment): Choosing to pause or hold off on making a conclusion about something when you don't feel confident enough in the available evidence.
Keynes(as a philosopher of probability and evidence)

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