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    Knowledge requires justification beyond mere relational i... — Carmelics
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    Challenges→Knowledge consists in the relation of one thing to some other thing, as which it is known.

    Knowledge requires justification beyond mere relational identification, as Gettier cases demonstrate that true belief via correct identification can still fail to constitute knowledge.

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    Key Terms

    Constitute(metaphysics)
    To be the parts or components that make up something—like how ingredients constitute a cake.
    Edmund Gettier(history of philosophy)
    A 20th-century philosopher who showed that you can have a justified, true belief without actually having knowledge—a discovery that shook up how philosophers think about what knowledge really is.
    Gettier cases(Epistemology)
    Cases that appear to refute the justified true belief (JTB) analysis of knowledge, named in honour of the philosopher who contributed them to the literature
    True belief(Contrasted with knowledge in the Jones/Smith example)
    A belief that is true but lacks the justification required for knowledge
    justification(Third condition of the tripartite account of knowledge)

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    The condition on a knower's belief that excludes mere luck — the belief must be held in a way that is appropriate or warranted, not merely accidentally correct.
    knowledge(Distinguished from mere true belief, which may be the product of indoctrination and need not exercise deliberative capacities.)
    Justified true belief — true belief that has been arrived at through the exercise of deliberative capacities, including comparison of and deliberation among alternatives.

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    Truth & Knowledge1 linkedCausation1 linked

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    Knowledge consists in the relation of one thing to some other thing, as which it...

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