Lakatos's methodology of scientific research programmes shows that theory-refuting thought experiments are always reinterpreted as protecting core assumptions, dissolving the subtype boundary.

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Core assumptions(as what Lakatos says scientists protect): The most fundamental, central beliefs in a theory that scientists most strongly defend and least want to give up.
Lakatos: Imre Lakatos was a 20th-century Hungarian philosopher of science who developed an influential theory about how science actually progresses. Rather than seeing scientific progress as a simple accumulation of facts or sudden breakthroughs, Lakatos argued that science advances through competing research programs that protect their core ideas while adjusting their supporting beliefs based on new evidence. His work remains important because it offers a more realistic picture of how science develops than earlier theories, explaining why scientists don't immediately abandon ideas when faced with contradictory evidence.
Subtype boundary(as something that dissolves when core assumptions are protected): A distinction or dividing line between different categories or types (the exact meaning here depends on the specific theory being discussed, but basically: a line separating one kind of thing from another).
Theory-refuting thought experiments

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